It's still a mystery why some people who've had COVID-19 experience symptoms long after recovery. This condition, often referred to as "long COVID," can lead to brain shrinkage. In this article, we'll explore how COVID-19 can affect the brain, including the possibility of brain shrinkage.
Understanding Brain Shrinkage
Brain shrinkage, also known as cerebral atrophy, involves the partial loss of brain tissue, including neurons and their connecting tissue. Various factors can cause brain shrinkage, such as traumatic brain injuries, strokes, dementia, and infections that lead to inflammation, like AIDS and encephalitis.
How Does COVID-19 Impact the Brain?
For unknown reasons, individuals who've had COVID-19 may develop symptoms weeks, months, or even years after their initial recovery. This condition, known as long COVID, affects those who experience new symptoms four weeks after their first infection.
A study conducted in 2022 used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans on 785 participants. Among the 401 participants who had tested positive for COVID-19, changes in brain conditions were observed. These changes included:
- Reduction in grey matter: Gray matter is vital for processing information in the brain.
- Tissue damage in the brain area is associated with the sense of smell.
- A decrease in overall brain size.
The possible explanation for brain shrinkage due to COVID-19 may involve inflammation and viral infections directly impacting brain cells. Additionally, research has shown damage to small blood vessels in the brain as a result of COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to pinpoint the exact causes of COVID-19-related brain shrinkage.
The Brain-Related Symptoms of COVID-19
COVID-19 can manifest various brain-related symptoms in individuals, including:
- Persistent fatigue that interferes with daily activities.
- Difficulty concentrating or thinking clearly.
- Experiencing dizziness and headaches.
- The onset of depression and anxiety symptoms.
- Sleep disturbances.
- Altered or diminished sense of taste and smell.
Preventing Brain Shrinkage Due to COVID-19
The most effective way to prevent COVID-19 and its potential long-term effects, including brain shrinkage, is through vaccination. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasizes the role of vaccines in safeguarding against long COVID-19.
Additionally, you can take general measures to promote brain health and prevent brain atrophy:
- Maintain a balanced and nutritious diet.
- Manage healthy blood pressure levels.
- Incorporate regular exercise into your routine.
- Engage in social activities.
- Pursue and maintain hobbies or enjoyable activities.
It's crucial to remember that not everyone who contracts COVID-19 will experience brain-related issues. Nevertheless, taking steps to shield yourself from SARS-CoV-2 infection is a vital precaution to ward off potential long-term consequences.
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Source:
Moawad, H & Cherney, K. (2022). Can COVID-19 Cause Your Brain to Shrink? Healthline. [online]. https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-shrinkage-covid